What does the term 'k-factor' refer to in sprinkler systems?

The term 'k-factor' refers to the discharge coefficient that correlates the flow rate of water to the pressure at which it exits through a sprinkler head. This coefficient is a critical parameter in hydraulic calculations for sprinkler systems, as it helps determine the efficiency and effectiveness of the water distributed by the sprinklers.

The k-factor is defined based on the size and design of the sprinkler head, indicating how much water will be discharged given a certain pressure. It is crucial for ensuring that the system can adequately suppress fire by providing the appropriate amount of water flow over a specified area.

Understanding the k-factor is essential for sprinkler designers and installers, as it directly influences the design of the piping system, the selection of sprinkler heads, and overall system performance, ensuring that the fire protection system meets the necessary codes and standards.